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Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Story of Stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.50,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Annie Leonard
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have one of these?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a little obsessed with mine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact I got a little obsessed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.40,0:00:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all my stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.90,0:00:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever wondered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.90,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where all the stuff we buy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where it goes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we through it out?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't stop wondering about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I looked it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.30,0:00:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what the text book said
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.90,0:00:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that our stuff moves through a system
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.10,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from extraction to production
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to distribution to consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to disposal
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All together it's called
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.50,0:00:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the materials economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.60,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well I looked into it a little bit more
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact I spent 10 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.50,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traveling the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tracking where our stuff comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where it goes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know what I found out?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.50,0:00:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is not the whole story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.20,0:00:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot missing from this explanation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.10,0:01:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing, this system looks like it's fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.10,0:01:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.20,0:01:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is it's a system in crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.20,0:01:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason it is in crisis is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.10,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's a linear system
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we live on a finite planet
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.50,0:01:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can not run a linear system
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.70,0:01:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a finite planet indefinitely.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.60,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every step along the way
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this system is interacting with the real world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.50,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In real life it's not happening on a blank white page
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's interacting with societies, cultures, economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.40,0:01:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.50,0:01:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all along the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.90,0:01:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's bumping up against limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.80,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Limits we don't see here because the diagram is incomplete.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's go back through,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.50,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's fill in some of the blanks and see what's missing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, one of the most important things that is missing is people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.70,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People live and work all along this system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.90,0:01:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some people in this system matter a little more than others
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.50,0:01:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some have a little more say. Who are they?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.90,0:01:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's start with the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.90,0:01:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now my friends tell me I should use a tank
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.90,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to symbolize the government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's true in many countries and increasingly in our own,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.90,0:02:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after all more than 50% of our federal tax money
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.50,0:02:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now going to the military
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.90,0:02:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm using a person to symbolize the government
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.30,0:02:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I hold true to the vision and values
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.60,0:02:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that governments should be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.60,0:02:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the people, by the people, for the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.90,0:02:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the government's job is to watch out for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.70,0:02:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take care of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.70,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's their job.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then along came the corporation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.20,0:02:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the reason the corporation looks bigger than the government
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.70,0:02:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the corporation is bigger than the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.90,0:02:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the 100 largest economies on earth now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.90,0:02:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,51 are corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.90,0:02:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as the corporations have grown in size and power,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.30,0:02:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've seen a little change in the government
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.10,0:02:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they're a little more concerned in making sure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.10,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything is working out for those guys than for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.30,0:02:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so let's see what else is missing from this picture
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.20,0:02:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start with extraction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.20,0:02:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a fancy word for natural resource exploitation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.10,0:02:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a fancy word for trashing the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.20,0:02:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What this looks like is we chop down trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.70,0:02:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we blow up mountains to get the metals inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.80,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use up all the water and we wipe out the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.50,0:02:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we are running up against our first limit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.50,0:03:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're running out of resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are using too much stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.10,0:03:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I know this can be hard to hear,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.90,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's the truth and we've got to deal with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past three decades alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.80,0:03:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one-third of the planet's natural resources base
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.70,0:03:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been consumed. Gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.20,0:03:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are cutting and mining and hauling and trashing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.90,0:03:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the place so fast that we're undermining
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the planet's very ability for people to live here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.60,0:03:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where I live, in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.80,0:03:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have less than 4% of our original forests left.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.10,0:03:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forty percent of waterways have become undrinkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.50,0:03:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our problem is not just that we're using too much stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.50,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're using more than our share.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We [The U.S.] has 5% of the world's population
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're consuming 30% of the world's resources
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.20,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating 30% of the world's waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If everybody consumed at U.S. rates,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would need 3 to 5 planets.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.40,0:03:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know what? We've only got one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.40,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, my country's response to this limitation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is simply to go take someone else's!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.20,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Third World,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which some would say is another word
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.90,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our stuff that somehow got on someone else's land.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what does that look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.20,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same thing: trashing the place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,75% of global fisheries now are fished at or beyond capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, 80% of the planet's original forests are gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Amazon alone, we're losing 2000 trees a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is seven football fields a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.70,0:04:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about the people who live here?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.70,0:04:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well. According to these guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.70,0:04:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't own these resources
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.70,0:04:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if they've been living there for generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.70,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't own the means of production
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're not buying a lot of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this system,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.10,0:04:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you don't own or buy a lot of stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.50,0:04:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't have value.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.70,0:04:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, next, the materials move to "production",
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.30,0:04:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what happens there is we use energy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.50,0:04:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mix toxic chemicals in with the natural resources
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.50,0:04:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make toxic contaminated products.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.30,0:04:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are over 100,000 synthetic chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.40,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in use in commerce today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only a handful of these have even been tested
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for health impacts and NONE of them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.80,0:05:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been tested for synergistic health impacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.60,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means when they interact with all the other chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're exposed to every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.50,0:05:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we don't know the full impact on health
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.30,0:05:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and environment of all these toxic chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.10,0:05:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we do know one thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.50,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Toxics in, Toxics Out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as we keep putting toxics
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.60,0:05:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our production system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.60,0:05:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to keep getting toxics in the stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.60,0:05:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we bring into our homes, our workplaces, and schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.60,0:05:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, duh, our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.60,0:05:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like BFRs, brominated flame retardants.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.90,0:05:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are a chemical that make things more fireproof
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.60,0:05:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are super toxic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.60,0:05:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're a neurotoxin: that means toxic to the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.90,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are we even doing using a chemical like this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet we put them in our computers, our appliances,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.70,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couches, mattresses, even some pillows.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we take our pillows,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we douse them in a neurotoxin
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we bring them home and put our heads on them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.00,0:05:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 8 hours a night to sleep.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.80,0:05:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know, but it seems to me that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.60,0:05:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this country with so much potential,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.40,0:05:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could think of a better way to stop our heads
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.40,0:06:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from catching on fire at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.40,0:06:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These toxics build up in the food chain
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.80,0:06:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concentrate in our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.50,0:06:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what is the food at the top of the food chain
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.70,0:06:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the highest levels of many toxic contaminants?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.50,0:06:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human breast milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.50,0:06:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that we have reached a point
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.50,0:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the smallest members of our societies, our babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are getting their highest lifetime dose of toxic chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.50,0:06:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from breastfeeding from their mothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.10,0:06:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that not an incredible violation?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.10,0:06:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breastfeeding must be the most fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.90,0:06:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human act of nurturing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.90,0:06:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it should be sacred and safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.90,0:06:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now breastfeeding is still best
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.90,0:06:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mothers should definitely keep breastfeeding
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.90,0:06:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we should protect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.70,0:06:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They [government] should protect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.20,0:06:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought they were looking out for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.90,0:06:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, the people who bear the biggest brunt
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.10,0:06:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these toxic chemicals are the factory workers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.80,0:06:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of whom are women of reproductive age.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.30,0:06:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're working with reproductive toxics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.30,0:06:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carcinogens and more.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.30,0:06:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I ask you, what kind of woman of reproductive age
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would work in a job exposed to reproductive toxics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.30,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except one who had no other option?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is one of the "beauties" of this system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.30,0:07:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The erosion of local environments and economies here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.40,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ensures a constant supply of people with no other option.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.30,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally 200,000 people a day
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are moving from environments that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.50,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have sustained them for generations, into cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many to live in slums, looking for work, 
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how toxic that work may be.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you see, it is not just resources
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are wasted along this system, but people too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.90,0:07:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whole communities get wasted.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.90,0:07:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yup, toxics in, toxics out.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.30,0:07:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the toxics leave the factory as products,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.80,0:07:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even more leave as byproducts, or pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.30,0:07:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a lot of pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.30,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the U.S., our industry admits to releasing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 4 billion pounds of toxic chemicals a year
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.10,0:07:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's probably way more since that is only what they admit.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.30,0:07:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's another limit, because, yuck,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.30,0:07:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who wants to look at and smell 4 billion pounds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.80,0:08:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of toxic chemicals a year?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.30,0:08:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what do they do?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.70,0:08:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Move the dirty factories overseas.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.50,0:08:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pollute someone else's land!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.50,0:08:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But surprise, a lot of that pollution is coming
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.20,0:08:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right back at us, carried by wind currents.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.50,0:08:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what happens after all these resources
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.80,0:08:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are turned into products?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.10,0:08:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it moves here, for distribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.50,0:08:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now distribution means
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.90,0:08:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"selling all this toxic contaminated junk as quickly as possible."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.80,0:08:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal here is to keep the prices down,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.40,0:08:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep the people buying and keep the inventory moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.40,0:08:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do they keep the prices down?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.40,0:08:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they don't pay the store workers very much
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.40,0:08:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and skimp on health insurance every time they can.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.70,0:08:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all about externalizing the costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.80,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What that means is the real costs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of making stuff aren't captured in the price.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, we aren't really paying for the stuff we buy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.20,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was thinking about this the other day.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was walking to work and I wanted to listen to the news
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.20,0:08:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I popped into this Radio Shack to buy a radio.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.60,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found this cute little green radio for 4 dollars and 99 cents.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was standing there in line to buy this radio and I thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.20,0:09:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how $4.99 could possibly capture the costs
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.50,0:09:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of making this radio and getting it to my hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.70,0:09:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The metal was probably mined in South Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.10,0:09:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the petroleum was probably drilled in Iraq,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.40,0:09:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plastics were probably produced in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.40,0:09:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe the whole thing was assembled by some 15 year old
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.40,0:09:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a maquiladora in Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.40,0:09:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,$4.99 wouldn't even pay the rent for the shelf space
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.10,0:09:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it occupied until I came along,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.80,0:09:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone part of the staff guy's salary
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.60,0:09:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who helped me pick it out,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.10,0:09:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the multiple ocean cruises and truck rides
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.40,0:09:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pieces of this radio went on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.10,0:09:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how I realized, I didn't pay for the radio.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.30,0:09:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, who did pay?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.70,0:09:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.40,0:09:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these people paid with the loss of their natural resource base.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.40,0:09:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people paid with the loss of their clean air,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.40,0:09:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with increasing asthma and cancer rates.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.40,0:09:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids in the Congo paid with their future
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.80,0:09:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30% of the kids in parts of the Congo now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.10,0:09:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have had to drop out of school to mine coltan,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.30,0:09:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a metal we need for our cheap and disposable electronics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.90,0:09:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people even paid,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.30,0:09:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by having to cover their own health insurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.40,0:09:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All along this system, people pitched in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.90,0:10:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I could get this radio for $4.99.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.60,0:10:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And none of these contributions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.20,0:10:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are recorded in any accounts book.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.20,0:10:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I mean by the company owners
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.20,0:10:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,externalize the true costs of production.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.90,0:10:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that brings us to the golden arrow of consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.70,0:10:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the heart of the system, the engine that drives it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.30,0:10:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is so important
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.30,0:10:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protecting this arrow has become the top priority
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.30,0:10:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, for both these guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.90,0:10:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why, after 9/11, when our country was in shock,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.10,0:10:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and President Bush could have suggested
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.30,0:10:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any number of appropriate things:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.40,0:10:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, to grieve, to pray, to hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.80,0:10:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NO. He said to shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.60,0:10:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TO SHOP?!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.30,0:10:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have become a nation of consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.60,0:10:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our primary identity has become that of being consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.30,0:10:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not mothers, teachers, farmers, but consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.90,0:10:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The primary way that our value is measured and demonstrated
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.60,0:10:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by how much we contribute to this arrow,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.10,0:10:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much we consume. And do we!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.50,0:11:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We shop and shop and shop. Keep the materials flowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.40,0:11:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And flow they do!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.30,0:11:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guess what percentage of total material flow through this system
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.00,0:11:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is still in product or use 6 months
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.50,0:11:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after their sale in North America.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.10,0:11:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifty percent?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.40,0:11:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.50,0:11:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NO. One percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.40,0:11:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.90,0:11:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, 99 percent of the stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.40,0:11:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we harvest, mine, process, transport
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.40,0:11:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,99 percent of the stuff we run through this system
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.90,0:11:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is trashed within 6 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.80,0:11:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now how can we run a planet
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.10,0:11:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that level of materials throughput?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.70,0:11:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't always like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.00,0:11:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The average U.S. person now consumes twice
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.90,0:11:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as they did 50 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.20,0:11:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ask your grandma.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.50,0:11:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In her day, stewardship and resourcefulness
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.80,0:11:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thrift were valued.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.50,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how did this happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.00,0:11:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it didn't just happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.80,0:11:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.30,0:11:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly after the World War II,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.30,0:11:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these guys were figuring out how to ramp up the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.30,0:11:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Retailing analyst Victor Lebow articulated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.30,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the solution that has become the norm for the whole system.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.00,0:12:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.00,0:12:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our enormously productive economy . . . demands that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.70,0:12:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we make consumption our way of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.70,0:12:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we seek our spiritual satisfaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our ego satisfaction, in consumption . . .
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.30,0:12:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need things consumed, burned up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.60,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replaced and discarded at an ever-accelerating rate."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.00,0:12:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Eisenhower's Council Economic Advisor Chairman said
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that "The American economy's ultimate purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.40,0:12:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to produce more consumer goods."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.70,0:12:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MORE CONSUMER GOODS??? Our ultimate purpose?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.70,0:12:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not provide health care, or education,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.40,0:12:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or safe transportation, or sustainability or justice?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.40,0:12:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consumer goods?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.10,0:12:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did they get us to jump on board this program
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.40,0:12:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so enthusiastically?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.10,0:12:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, two of their most effective strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.10,0:12:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are planned obsolescence and perceived obsolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.30,0:12:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planned obsolescence is another word for "designed for the dump."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.30,0:12:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means they actually make stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.30,0:12:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be useless as quickly as possible so we will chuck it
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.80,0:12:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go buy a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.10,0:12:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's obvious with stuff like plastic bags and coffee cups,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.60,0:13:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now it's even big stuff: mops, DVDs, cameras,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.60,0:13:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,barbeques even, everything!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.60,0:13:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.10,0:13:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you noticed that when you buy a computer now,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.60,0:13:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technology is changing so fast that within a couple years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.40,0:13:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually an impediment to communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.60,0:13:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was curious about this so I opened up
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.60,0:13:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big desk top computer to see what was inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.90,0:13:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found out that the piece that changes each year
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.60,0:13:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just a tiny little piece in the corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.10,0:13:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can't just change that one piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.20,0:13:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because each new version is a different shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.60,0:13:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you gotta chuck the whole thing and buy a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.10,0:13:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I was reading quotes from industrial design journals
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.10,0:13:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the 1950s when planned obsolescence
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.10,0:13:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was really catching on.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.90,0:13:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These designers are so open about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.30,0:13:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They actually discuss how fast
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.30,0:13:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can make stuff break that still leaves the consumer
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.10,0:13:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with enough faith in the product to go buy anther one.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.70,0:13:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was so intentional.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.90,0:13:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But stuff can not break fast enough to keep this arrow afloat,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.00,0:13:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's also "perceived obsolescence."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.30,0:13:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now perceived obsolescence convinces us to throw away stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.10,0:13:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is still perfectly useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.60,0:14:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do they do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.60,0:14:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they change the way the stuff looks
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.60,0:14:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if you bought your stuff a couple years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.30,0:14:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone can tell that you haven't contributed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.30,0:14:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this arrow recently
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.60,0:14:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since the way we demonstrate our value
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.60,0:14:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by contributing to this arrow,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.20,0:14:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can be embarrassing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.60,0:14:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, I've have had the same fat white computer monitor
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.60,0:14:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on my desk for 5 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.30,0:14:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My co-worker just got a new computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.30,0:14:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She has a flat shiny sleek flat screen monitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.30,0:14:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It matches her computer, it matches her phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.00,0:14:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even her pen stand.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.30,0:14:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She looks like she is driving in space ship central
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.30,0:14:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I, I look like I have a washing machine on my desk.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.80,0:14:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fashion is another prime example of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.10,0:14:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever wondered why women's shoe heels
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.30,0:14:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go from fat one year to skinny the next to fat to skinny?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.60,0:14:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not because there is some debate
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.00,0:14:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about which heel structure is the most healthy for women's feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.60,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because wearing fat heels in a skinny heel year
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows everyone that you haven't contributed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.60,0:14:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to that arrow recently so you're not as valuable
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.90,0:14:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as that skinny heeled person next to you or,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.90,0:14:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more likely, in some ad.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.60,0:15:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's to keep buying new shoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.80,0:15:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Advertisements, and media in general, plays a big role in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.60,0:15:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of us in the U.S. is targeted with over
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.80,0:15:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3,000 advertisements a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.90,0:15:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see more advertisements in one year than
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.40,0:15:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people 50 years ago saw in a lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.20,0:15:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you think about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.00,0:15:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the point of an ad except to make us
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.90,0:15:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unhappy with what we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.20,0:15:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 3,000 times a day, we're told that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.40,0:15:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our hair is wrong, our skin is wrong, clothes are wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.20,0:15:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our furniture is wrong, our cars are wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.70,0:15:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are wrong but that it can all be made right if we just go shopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.20,0:15:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Media also helps by hiding all of this and all of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.00,0:15:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the only part of the materials economy we see
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.70,0:15:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the shopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.40,0:15:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The extraction, production and disposal all happens
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.40,0:15:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside our field of vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.00,0:15:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the U.S. we have more stuff than ever before,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.80,0:15:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but polls show that our national happiness is actually declining.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.00,0:15:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our national happiness peaked sometime in the 1950s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.00,0:15:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same time as this consumption mania exploded.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.60,0:15:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hmmm. Interesting coincidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.40,0:15:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I know why.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.40,0:16:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have more stuff but we have less time
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.40,0:16:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the things that really make us happy:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.40,0:16:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,family, friends, leisure time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.80,0:16:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working harder than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.80,0:16:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some analysts say that we have less leisure time
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.40,0:16:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any time since Feudal Society.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.80,0:16:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what the two main activities are that we do
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.80,0:16:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the scant leisure time we have?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.80,0:16:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch TV and shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.80,0:16:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the U.S., we spend 3 to 4 times as many hours shopping
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.50,0:16:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as our counterparts in Europe do.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.20,0:16:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are in this ridiculous situation where we go to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.90,0:16:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe two jobs even, and we come home
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.70,0:16:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're exhausted so we plop down on our new couch
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.90,0:16:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and watch TV and the commercials tell us "YOU SUCK"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.40,0:16:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we got to go to the mall to buy something to feel better,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.00,0:16:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we gotta go to work more
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.00,0:16:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pay for the stuff we just bought
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.00,0:16:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you come home and you're more tired
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.30,0:16:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you sit down and watch more T.V.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.50,0:16:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it tells you to go to the mall again
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.70,0:16:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're on this crazy "work watch spend" treadmill
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.50,0:16:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could just stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.30,0:16:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the end, what happens to all the stuff we buy anyway?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.50,0:16:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this rate of consumption, it can't fit into our houses
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.00,0:16:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though the average U.S. house size
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.70,0:16:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has doubled in this country since the 1970s.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.90,0:16:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all goes out in the garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.90,0:16:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that brings us to disposal.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.90,0:17:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the part of the materials economy
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.70,0:17:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all know the most because we have to haul the junk
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.90,0:17:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out to the curb ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.50,0:17:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of us in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.90,0:17:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes 4 1/2 pounds of garbage a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.70,0:17:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is twice what we each made thirty years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.50,0:17:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this garbage either gets dumped in a landfill,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.50,0:17:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just a big hole in the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.50,0:17:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if you're really unlucky,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.70,0:17:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first it's burned in an incinerator and then dumped in a landfill.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.20,0:17:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either way, they both pollute the air, land, water
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.90,0:17:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, don't forget, change the climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.70,0:17:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incineration is really bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.70,0:17:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember those toxics back in the production stage?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.70,0:17:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, burning the garbage releases the toxics up into the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.90,0:17:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even worse, it actually makes new super toxics.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.40,0:17:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like dioxin.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.00,0:17:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dioxin is the most toxic man made substance known to science.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.40,0:17:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And incinerators are the number one source of dioxin.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.80,0:17:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that we could stop the number one source
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.40,0:17:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the most toxic man made substance known
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.40,0:17:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just by stopping burning the trash.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.40,0:17:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could stop it today.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.40,0:18:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now some companies don't want to deal with building landfills
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and incinerators here, so they just export the disposal too.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.70,0:18:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about recycling? Does recycling help?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.40,0:18:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, recycling helps.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.10,0:18:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recycling reduces the garbage at this end
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.60,0:18:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it reduces the pressure to mine and harvest new stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.40,0:18:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this end.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.60,0:18:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, Yes, Yes, we should all recycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.20,0:18:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But recycling is not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.20,0:18:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recycling will never be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.20,0:18:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a couple reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.70,0:18:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, the waste coming out of our houses
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.20,0:18:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.20,0:18:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For every one garbage can of waste you put out on the curb,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.50,0:18:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70 garbage cans of waste were made upstream
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.20,0:18:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to make the junk in that one garbage can
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.20,0:18:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you put out on the curb.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.50,0:18:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if we could recycle 100 percent of the waste
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.90,0:18:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming out of our households,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.50,0:18:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't get to the core of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.00,0:18:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also much of the garbage can't be recycled,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.70,0:18:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either because it contains too many toxics
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.40,0:18:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's designed NOT to be recyclable in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.40,0:18:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like those juice packs with layers of metal and paper
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.00,0:18:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and plastic all smooshed together.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.70,0:19:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can never separate those for true recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.00,0:19:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you see, it is a system in crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.70,0:19:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All along the way, we are bumping up against limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.40,0:19:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From changing climate to declining happiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.70,0:19:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just not working.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.90,0:19:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the good thing about such an all pervasive problem
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.60,0:19:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there are so many points of intervention.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.90,0:19:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are people working here on saving forests
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.40,0:19:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here on clean production.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.30,0:19:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People working on labor rights and fair trade
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.80,0:19:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and conscious consuming and blocking landfills and incinerators
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.30,0:19:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, very importantly, on taking back our government
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.30,0:19:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it is really is by the people for the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.30,0:19:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All this work is critically important
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.80,0:19:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but things are really gonna start moving
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.70,0:19:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we see the connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.30,0:19:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we see the big picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.30,0:19:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people along this system get united,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.30,0:19:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can reclaim and transform this linear system
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.30,0:19:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into something new,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.80,0:19:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system that doesn't waste resources or people.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.30,0:19:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because what we really need to chuck
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.90,0:19:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that "old school" "throw away" mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.30,0:19:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a new school of thinking on this stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.30,0:20:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's based on sustainability and equity:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.60,0:20:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Green Chemistry, Zero Waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.10,0:20:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Closed Loop Production, Renewable Energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.80,0:20:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Local living Economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.80,0:20:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's already happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.80,0:20:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people say it's unrealistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.80,0:20:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idealistic, that it can't happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.80,0:20:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I say the ones who are unrealistic
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.60,0:20:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are those that want to continue on the old path.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.80,0:20:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's dreaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.50,0:20:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember that old way didn't just happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.00,0:20:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not like gravity that we just gotta live with.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.80,0:20:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People created it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.40,0:20:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're people too.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.20,0:20:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's create something new.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.00,0:20:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visit www.storyofstuff.com
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.00,0:20:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles by:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.00,0:20:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shahar Livne
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.00,0:20:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,storyofstuff.livne.co.il